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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. Globally, CKD is the 12th cause of death and the 17th cause of disability, respectively. Yearly incidence of ESRD in India is approximately 150-200 pmp.Methods: The observational study was conducted in Department of General Medicine, Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College Hospital, Baripada between May 2018 and January 2019. 244 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease above 15 years of age satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: Study group constitutes 64.34% (157) of male and 35.66% (87) of female patients with M:F of 1.8:1. The average age of the patients in the study was 55.91±12.49 yrs. 42.21% (103) of the patients were between 46 and 60 years of age. Maximum number of cases (190 cases) (77.87%) are in stage 4 and 5 with e-GFR <30 ml/ min. The average serum electrolytes in this study group for serum sodium, potassium, calcium are 137.31±10.05 mEq/L, 4.12±1.48 mEq/L and 1.10±0.19 mmol/L respectively. When association of hypokalemia with risk factor (known and unknown) is compared, chi-square value found to be 13.664 (p=0.0002) which is statistically extremely significant.Conclusions: Authors found significant number of cases, more commonly younger patients, presented with atypical manifestations having no specific etiology; the cause may be defect in rennin-angiotensin system or, may be genetic or, may be environmental.
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Background:Globally, an estimated 10.0 million (range, 9.0to 11.1 million) people infected with tuberculosis(TB). Developing country like India accounts for one fourth of the global tuberculosis burden. TB is associated with diffuse functional impairment of most endocrine organs.Methods:We conducted a study to evaluate the thyroid profile status in new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, aged 12 years and above; attended and admitted to chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN MCH, Koraput, Odisha from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with H/o old pulmonary tuberculosis, patient with known neurological, hypothalamic-pituitary or thyroid disorders, kidney disease, malignancies and patients receiving medications known to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism were excluded from the study.Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results were expressed in average±SD, frequencies and percentages. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t-test. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant and p value <0.001 was considered as statistically extremely significant.Results:Mean age of the study group was 37.31±15.63 years. 54 patients (40.30%) were in 20to 40 years of age group. We found, 48 (35.82%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients had sick euthyroid syndrome out of 134 pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Conclusions: Sick euthyroid syndrome occurs commonly in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with increasing incidence with advanced age, and also seen in patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patients; therefore, requires monitoring of thyroid functiontest for its timely initiation of therapy.
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Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common infection in India and is associated with high mortality. India ranks 14th out of top 22 countries who are burdened with TB infections.Methods: It is a prospective study after getting the ethical committee clearance from the institute. The patients admitted to Chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN medical college and Hospital, Koraput, Odisha from Jan 2019 to December 2019 with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study.Results: A total of 65 adult patients with active PTB were included in this study with age ranging from 15 to 69 years. The mean age of patients was 38.80 + 15.03 years. The total mean serum sodium levels among the subjects was 135.5+7.23. Among 65 patients, 26 (40%) patients had low sodium levels which was less than 135mmol/l out of which 21 (42%) were males and 5 (33%) were females. In all the groups of hyponatremias, majority were found to be males when compared to the females in their respective groups.Conclusions: Hence patients with PTB have to be evaluated for hyponatremia as early detection and treatment of underlying electrolyte abnormality can potentially reduce mortality and morbidity associated with tuberculosis and also can shorten the duration of hospitalization.
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Background: Worldwide, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke) are the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. According to WHO estimation, by 2050 nearly 80% of stroke cases may occur in low and middle-income countries like China and India. It is critical that we understand the etiology causing the stroke so that appropriate treatment can be initiated in a timely fashion. Furthermore, understanding the risk factors associated with stroke is important before primary and secondary preventive measures can be prescribed to the patient.Methods: This observational study was carried out amongst 481 acute ischemic stroke patients that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in medicine ward of Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Dist. Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India from June 2018 to January 2019. Results: In our study, 481(60.43%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (39.57%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of stroke is maximum in 51-70 years of age group which comprises of 59.46% of total patients. The average age + SD were 61.4±13.1 in our study. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 69.85% followed by dyslipidemia 51.77%. Most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (72.35%) followed by speech involvement (59.46%). Most common site of infarct was parietal (22.25%), followed by periventricular (12.68%).Conclusions: Most of the patients had ischemic stroke as compared to hemorrhagic stroke. It was more common in males. The study contributes to understanding of demographic characteristics, risk factors, and stroke subtypes in acute ischemic stroke. The importance of various risk factors among ischemic stroke subtypes should be stressed for prompt preventive strategies and treatment.
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Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India. The objective was to study the clinical profile, risk factors, neurological characters, pattern of brain stroke, areas of brain affected as per CT scan findings in patients with stroke.Methods: This observational study was carried out from June 2018 to Jan 2019 of all new patients admitted with stroke in Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College and Hospital, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India.Results: The incidence of stroke is maximum in 46-60 years of age group. The average age+SD was 59.3+13.5 in our study. 274 (46.52%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (53.48%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The male to female ratio was 1.46:1. Anterior circulation (86.42%) was the most common territory involved in the brain. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 77.76% followed by dyslipidemia (53.99%). The most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (85.23%).Conclusions: The incidence of stroke is maximum in 46-60 years of age group. The average age+SD was 59.3+13.5 in our study. 274 (46.52%) patients had ischemic stroke and 315 (53.48%) patients had hemorrhagic stroke. The male to female ratio was 1.46:1. Anterior circulation (86.42%) was the most common territory involved in the brain. The most common risk factor was hypertension with 77.76% followed by dyslipidemia (53.99%). The most common clinical presentation was hemiplegia (85.23%).